Learn Terraform

At learnterraform.dev, our mission is to provide a comprehensive platform for individuals and organizations to learn and master Terraform, a powerful tool for declarative cloud deployment. We aim to offer high-quality, up-to-date resources, tutorials, and courses that cater to learners of all levels, from beginners to advanced users. Our goal is to empower our users with the knowledge and skills they need to efficiently and effectively manage their cloud infrastructure, automate their workflows, and scale their applications. We are committed to fostering a supportive and inclusive community that encourages collaboration, innovation, and continuous learning.

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Terraform Cheatsheet

This cheatsheet is a quick reference guide for getting started with Terraform, a tool for declarative cloud deployment. It covers the basic concepts, topics, and categories related to Terraform.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Getting Started
• Terraform Basics
• Terraform Configuration Language
• Terraform Modules
• Terraform Providers
• Terraform State
• Terraform Commands
• Conclusion

Introduction

Terraform is an open-source tool for building, changing, and versioning infrastructure safely and efficiently. It allows you to define your infrastructure as code, and then use that code to create, modify, and destroy resources in the cloud.

Terraform supports a wide range of cloud providers, including AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and many others. It also supports on-premises infrastructure, such as VMware and OpenStack.

Getting Started

To get started with Terraform, you'll need to install it on your local machine. You can download the latest version from the official website: https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html

Once you've installed Terraform, you'll need to create a new directory for your Terraform configuration files. This directory will contain all of the files that define your infrastructure.

Terraform Basics

Terraform uses a declarative syntax to define your infrastructure. This means that you describe the desired state of your infrastructure, and Terraform figures out how to make that state a reality.

Terraform works by creating a "plan" of the changes it needs to make to your infrastructure. This plan shows you exactly what Terraform will do before it does it, so you can review and approve the changes.

Once you've reviewed and approved the plan, Terraform will apply the changes to your infrastructure. This process is called "provisioning".

Terraform Configuration Language

Terraform uses its own configuration language to define your infrastructure. This language is designed to be easy to read and write, and to allow for modular and reusable code.

The Terraform configuration language is based on HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language), which is a simple, human-readable language that is easy to learn.

Here's an example of a simple Terraform configuration file:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

resource "aws_instance" "example" {
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}

This configuration file defines an AWS provider and an EC2 instance resource. The provider specifies the AWS region to use, and the resource specifies the AMI and instance type to use.

Terraform Modules

Terraform modules are reusable packages of Terraform code that can be used to create and manage infrastructure. Modules can be used to encapsulate complex infrastructure configurations, and to share infrastructure code across teams and projects.

Modules can be published to the Terraform Registry, which is a public repository of Terraform modules. You can also create your own private modules and share them within your organization.

Here's an example of a simple Terraform module:

module "example" {
  source = "git::https://github.com/example/terraform-module.git"

  region = "us-west-2"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}

This module uses the source parameter to specify the location of the module code. It also defines two variables, region and instance_type, which can be used by the module code.

Terraform Providers

Terraform providers are plugins that allow Terraform to interact with different cloud providers and services. Providers are responsible for creating, modifying, and deleting resources in the cloud.

Terraform supports a wide range of providers, including AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and many others. Providers are installed and configured separately from Terraform itself.

Here's an example of a simple Terraform provider configuration:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

This configuration file defines an AWS provider and specifies the region to use.

Terraform State

Terraform state is a record of the current state of your infrastructure. It includes information about the resources that Terraform has created, modified, or deleted.

Terraform state is stored in a file called terraform.tfstate. This file should be stored in a secure location, such as a version control system or a cloud storage service.

Terraform uses the state file to determine the current state of your infrastructure, and to plan and apply changes to that infrastructure.

Terraform Commands

Terraform provides a set of commands for working with your infrastructure. Here are some of the most commonly used commands:

• terraform init: Initializes a new Terraform working directory.
• terraform plan: Creates an execution plan for changing infrastructure.
• terraform apply: Applies the changes described in a Terraform execution plan.
• terraform destroy: Destroys the Terraform-managed infrastructure.
• terraform state: Provides information about the Terraform state.
• terraform output: Displays the values of Terraform output variables.

Conclusion

Terraform is a powerful tool for managing infrastructure as code. It allows you to define your infrastructure in a declarative way, and to manage that infrastructure safely and efficiently.

This cheatsheet provides a quick reference guide for getting started with Terraform. It covers the basic concepts, topics, and categories related to Terraform, and provides examples of how to use Terraform to create and manage infrastructure.

Common Terms, Definitions and Jargon

1. Terraform - An open-source infrastructure as code software tool that allows users to define and provision infrastructure resources in a declarative manner.
2. Infrastructure as Code (IaC) - The practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure resources using code, rather than manual processes.
3. Declarative - A programming paradigm that describes what the program should do, rather than how it should do it.
4. Cloud Deployment - The process of deploying applications and services to cloud-based infrastructure.
5. Provider - A plugin for Terraform that allows it to interact with a specific cloud provider's API.
6. Resource - A specific infrastructure component that Terraform manages, such as a virtual machine or database.
7. State - The current state of the infrastructure managed by Terraform, including all resources and their configurations.
8. Plan - A preview of the changes that Terraform will make to the infrastructure when applied.
9. Apply - The process of applying the changes defined in a Terraform configuration to the infrastructure.
10. Module - A reusable set of Terraform resources that can be shared across multiple projects.
11. Variables - Parameters that can be passed to Terraform configurations to customize their behavior.
12. Outputs - Values that are generated by Terraform configurations and can be used by other configurations.
13. Provisioner - A plugin for Terraform that allows it to execute scripts or commands on a resource after it has been created.
14. Backend - The storage location for Terraform state files, which can be local or remote.
15. HCL - HashiCorp Configuration Language, the language used to write Terraform configurations.
16. AWS - Amazon Web Services, a popular cloud provider that Terraform supports.
17. GCP - Google Cloud Platform, another popular cloud provider that Terraform supports.
18. Azure - Microsoft Azure, a cloud provider that Terraform supports.
19. Kubernetes - An open-source container orchestration system that Terraform can be used to manage.
20. Docker - A popular containerization platform that Terraform can be used to manage.

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